Difference Between Recyclable, Biodegradable, and Compostable Products

We often hear about products being recyclable, biodegradable, or compostable. While these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, they actually have very different meanings. Understanding these distinctions is key to making more responsible purchasing decisions and reducing our environmental impact — both as consumers and as part of the planet.

What Does “Recyclable” Mean?

A recyclable product is one that can be transformed into a new product through industrial recycling processes.
In the case of plastics, recyclable bags can be reprocessed into raw materials used to manufacture new packaging, urban furniture, or even textiles.

Advantages: reduces the extraction of natural resources and the accumulation of waste.
Limitation: not all recyclable products are actually recycled — proper waste separation is crucial.

Good examples include high-density (HDPE) or low-density (LDPE) plastic bags, which can be reintroduced into the production cycle when disposed of in recycling centers.

What Does “Biodegradable” Mean?

A biodegradable product can be broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. However, “biodegradable” doesn’t necessarily mean that it decomposes quickly or that it has zero environmental impact.

Advantages: decomposition occurs naturally without industrial processes.
Limitation: degradation time varies depending on environmental conditions — it can take months or even years.

An example is oxo-biodegradable plastic bags, which break down into smaller fragments but don’t always integrate harmlessly into the environment.

What Does “Compostable” Mean?

A compostable product can disintegrate under controlled industrial or home composting conditions, producing compost — a nutrient-rich material used as a natural fertilizer.

Advantages: helps close the organic waste cycle and leaves no microplastics.
Limitation: requires specific conditions of temperature, humidity, and oxygen that are not always naturally available.

A good example is bags made from cornstarch or other plant-based materials certified as compostable.

Key Differences Between Recyclable, Biodegradable, and Compostable

Although all three aim to reduce environmental impact, their differences are significant:

Decomposition Time

• Recyclable: depends on the industrial process; materials can stay in use for years if properly recycled.
• Biodegradable: breaks down in months or years depending on the environment.
• Compostable: transforms into compost in a relatively short period.

Required Processes

• Recyclable: needs recycling plants.
• Biodegradable: depends on the natural action of microorganisms.
• Compostable: requires industrial or home composting systems.

Environmental Impact

• Recyclable: reduces resource extraction and promotes a circular economy.
• Biodegradable: may break down into microplastics if not properly degraded.
• Compostable: enriches soil with nutrients and leaves no toxic residues.

Which Option Is Best for Plastic Bags?

There’s no single answer — it depends on context and available waste management systems:

• In cities with strong recycling infrastructure, recyclable bags are the most efficient choice.
• In areas where composting is encouraged, compostable bags are the most eco-friendly option.
• Biodegradable bags can be useful, but it’s important to verify that they meet environmental standards and don’t just break plastic into microfragments.

How to Make Informed Choices

When choosing a bag or packaging, check the label for environmental information and certifications, such as:

• Recyclable: plastic resin identification codes (1, 2, 4, etc.).
• Compostable: certifications like ASTM D6400, EN 13432, or “OK Compost” seals.
• Biodegradable: details about degradation time and required conditions.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences between recyclable, biodegradable, and compostable products is essential to making informed consumption choices. Each option has advantages and limitations, but the ultimate goal is to choose alternatives that minimize environmental impact.

At Servi-Bolsa, we promote innovation in the development of recycled plastic bags — offering durable, high-quality products aligned with sustainable practices. Our commitment is to provide solutions that support the environment without compromising functionality.